In tunneled CVAD site selection, which of the following veins may be used?

The femoral vein is a valid option for tunneled central venous access devices (CVAD) because it is a large vein located in the groin area, providing easy access for insertion. It is often used in situations requiring long-term access, especially when other sites may be compromised or unsuitable. The femoral vein is easily identifiable through anatomical landmarks, allowing for proper placement while minimizing complications. It provides a direct pathway to the cardiovascular system for effective infusion therapy.

While other veins have their specific uses in various clinical situations, the internal jugular vein is typically preferred for tunneled CVAD because it allows for better access to the central circulation and has a lower risk of certain complications. The facial vein and cubital vein are not commonly used for tunneled CVAD due to their smaller size and limited suitability for long-term access. Thus, the femoral vein stands out as a viable option when considering the requirements for tunneled CVAD placement, particularly in cases where accessibility and direct access to central circulation are essential.