What are the signs of infiltration at an IV site?

Infiltration occurs when intravenous (IV) fluid or medications leak into the surrounding tissue rather than being delivered into the bloodstream. Recognizing the signs of infiltration is crucial for timely intervention.

Swelling at the infusion site is a primary indicator of infiltration, as fluid accumulates in the interstitial space. Discomfort may be experienced by the patient due to the pressure of the fluid in the tissue and the possible stretching of the skin. Changes in skin color can also occur; the affected area may appear pale or cool to the touch, which differs from signs of phlebitis or infection, where warmth and redness are common.

The other choices contain signs that correlate more closely with different venous site issues. While swelling can be present in those cases, the additional symptoms like redness, heat, and pus formation are more indicative of phlebitis or infection rather than infiltration. Furthermore, symptoms such as pain and fever may also point to infection rather than purely infiltration. A comprehensive understanding of these differences is vital for healthcare professionals to provide appropriate care and response to IV complications.