What is an indication for using an intraosseous (IO) device?

Using an intraosseous (IO) device is primarily indicated for intravenous fluid and medication administration in emergency situations. The IO route allows for rapid access to the vascular system by directly delivering fluids and medications into the bone marrow, which is highly vascularized and allows for quick absorption into the bloodstream. This is particularly crucial in scenarios where IV access is difficult, delayed, or impossible, such as in cases of severe trauma, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or in pediatric patients where venous access can be challenging.

In contrast, routine blood draws are typically done via venous access, not via IO devices, since venous blood collection is more standard practice for lab tests. Long-term infusions are also not appropriate for IO access, as IO devices are intended for short-term use due to the risk of complications like infection or damage to the bone. Monitoring vital signs can be conducted through other, more suitable methods like traditional blood pressure cuffs, thermometers, and pulse oximeters and does not require an IO device. Thus, the key application of an IO device aligns well with needing rapid access to the circulatory system for urgent administration of fluids and medications.