What is the difference between a tunneled and non-tunneled catheter?

The distinction between tunneled and non-tunneled catheters primarily lies in their placement and intended duration of use. Tunneled catheters are surgically placed beneath the skin and exit the body at a distance from the site of insertion, which not only helps to secure the catheter for long-term use but also minimizes the risk of infection. The tunneling creates a subcutaneous pathway, promoting healing and reducing complications associated with prolonged access.

In contrast, non-tunneled catheters are typically inserted directly into a vein, often through a larger vessel, and are intended for short-term use. This method of insertion can include placement in the jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins and is usually done at the bedside, allowing for quick access. Their design and method of placement cater to different clinical needs: the non-tunneled option serves immediate access requirements, while tunneled catheters provide reliability and longevity for ongoing treatment.

Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate vascular access decision-making, ensuring that patients receive the most suitable type of catheter for their treatment length and clinical scenario.