What is the primary advantage of accessing the subclavian vein compared to the internal jugular vein?

Accessing the subclavian vein offers a primary advantage in terms of lower bioburden compared to the internal jugular vein. The subclavian vein is located deeper within the thorax and is generally not colonized by skin flora to the same extent as the internal jugular vein, which is more superficial and closer to the skin's surface. This reduced exposure to skin bacteria results in a lower risk of infection, making it a preferred choice in certain clinical situations.

Lower bioburden is particularly beneficial in patients who may have a higher risk of catheter-associated infections. When central venous access is required for prolonged periods, minimizing infection risks is critical, and the subclavian vein's anatomical position supports this goal. In addition, the use of subclavian access can help reduce the likelihood of complications associated with infection, ultimately leading to better overall patient outcomes.