What is the primary mechanism of action for a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)?

The primary mechanism of action for a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is that it involves inserting a long catheter through a peripheral vein and threading it into a central vein, typically the superior vena cava. This design allows for the delivery of medications, fluids, and nutrition directly into the central venous system, where they can be rapidly distributed throughout the body. This capability is essential for patients who require long-term intravenous therapy, as it allows for continuous access without the need for repeated venipunctures.

The advantage of using a PICC lies in its ability to provide a reliable route for administering medications, especially those that may be irritating to peripheral veins, as well as for drawing blood and monitoring central venous pressure. The placement is minimally invasive compared to traditional central venous catheters, which require insertion through larger veins in the neck, chest, or groin. The threading of the catheter into a central vein reduces the risk of complications associated with more invasive procedures while ensuring effective treatment delivery.