Which of the following is an indication for tunneled CVAD usage?

Tunneled central venous access devices (CVADs) are specifically designed for long-term use, making them ideal for situations where patients require extended treatment, such as long-term hemodialysis. These devices are implanted beneath the skin and tunnel under the subcutaneous tissue, which minimizes the risk of infection and allows for prolonged use without the need for frequent replacement. The design also provides a stable interface for repeated access, which is critical in hemodialysis where multiple sessions are often required over weeks or months.

In contrast, temporary medication administration, short-term blood sampling, and emergency intravenous access are situations better suited for other types of central venous catheters or peripheral access methods, which are intended for brief use, may not have the durability required for long-term treatment, and can be easily replaced or removed as needed. Tunneled CVADs are not indicated for these short-term interventions due to their more complex placement and maintenance protocols, along with the requirement for more significant procedural and patient preparation.